{"id":8197,"date":"2023-02-16T09:45:43","date_gmt":"2023-02-16T08:45:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iqac.csic.es\/farmacs-activables-amb-llum-per-a-futures-terapies-de-precisio-contra-malalties-com-el-cancer\/"},"modified":"2026-06-16T10:47:15","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T08:47:15","slug":"farmacs-activables-amb-llum-per-a-futures-terapies-de-precisio-contra-malalties-com-el-cancer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iqac.csic.es\/ca\/farmacs-activables-amb-llum-per-a-futures-terapies-de-precisio-contra-malalties-com-el-cancer\/","title":{"rendered":"F\u00e0rmacs activables amb llum per a futures ter\u00e0pies de precisi\u00f3 contra malalties com el c\u00e0ncer"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Investigadors de l&#8217;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iqac.csic.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Institut de Qu\u00edmica Avan\u00e7ada de Catalunya (IQAC)<\/a><\/strong> del <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csic.es\/es\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Consell Superior d\u2019Investigacions Cient\u00edfiques (CSIC)<\/a><\/strong> han desenvolupat una s\u00e8rie de f\u00e0rmacs, mol\u00e8cules fotosensibles, que es poden activar amb llum externa de manera reversible, aconseguint aix\u00ed un efecte molt m\u00e9s localitzat i controlat. Aquesta recerca, publicada en la revista <em><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/full\/10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.2c01713\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Journal of Medicinal Chemistry<\/a>,<\/em> apunta al fet que la fotofarmacologia (f\u00e0rmacs controlats mitjan\u00e7ant llum) aplana el cam\u00ed a ter\u00e0pies altament espec\u00edfiques que podrien obrir noves vies per al tractament de malalties com el c\u00e0ncer.<\/p>\n<p>Una limitaci\u00f3 dels medicaments contra el c\u00e0ncer \u00e9s que sovint no aconsegueixen diferenciar completament entre c\u00e8l\u00b7lules canceroses i c\u00e8l\u00b7lules sanes. Aquesta falta de selectivitat de la quimioter\u00e0pia actual limita la seva finestra terap\u00e8utica, el que disminueix l&#8217;efic\u00e0cia del tractament i provoca efectes secundaris no desitjats.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u00a0\u201cEls f\u00e0rmacs fotosensibles, l&#8217;activitat dels quals es pot controlar amb precisi\u00f3 amb llum externa de manera reversible, poden permetre solucionar aquest problema, ja que proporcionen un gran control del lloc d&#8217;acci\u00f3 i durant un temps desitjat, disminuint aix\u00ed els efectes secundaris i augmentant la seva efic\u00e0cia\u201d, explica <strong>Laia Josa Culler\u00e9<\/strong>, investigadora del grup <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iqac.csic.es\/ca\/recerca\/departaments\/quimica-biologica\/quimica-medica\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Qu\u00edmica M\u00e8dica i S\u00edntesi<\/a> del IQAC, i autora principal d&#8217;aquest estudi.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h4>Nous aven\u00e7os cap a f\u00e0rmacs regulats amb llum<\/h4>\n<p>L&#8217;\u00fas de llum \u00e9s especialment atractiu en la recerca de nous f\u00e0rmacs antitumorals dirigits, ja que permet un control de l&#8217;activitat antitumoral ajustant par\u00e0metres com la longitud d&#8217;ona, la intensitat i el temps d&#8217;exposici\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Aix\u00ed, les mol\u00e8cules fotosensibles canvien la seva estructura en ser il\u00b7luminades sota condicions de llum particulars, de manera que es poden induir efectes sobre receptors diana concrets sota control de llum. Aix\u00f2 pot permetre un control extern de l&#8217;efecte terap\u00e8utic del f\u00e0rmac amb major precisi\u00f3.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cFins avui, aquest tipus de f\u00e0rmacs es troben en fase experimental per a aplicacions en retina o dolor, per\u00f2 ara com ara no hi ha molts estudis amb bons resultats en oncologia\u201d, aclareix <strong>Laia Josa Culler\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Aquest estudi es va centrar en una diana comuna en oncologia, els enzims histones desacetilasas (HDAC). Quan aquests enzims s\u00f3n regulats err\u00f2niament, impedeixen l&#8217;expressi\u00f3 d&#8217;alguns gens, com els supressors de tumors, i per tant, en aquestes circumst\u00e0ncies, les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules s\u00f3n m\u00e9s propenses a convertir-se en c\u00e8l\u00b7lules canceroses. Per aix\u00f2 s&#8217;estan desenvolupant m\u00faltiples medicaments orientats a la inhibici\u00f3 de les HDAC mal regulades, per frenar aix\u00ed l&#8217;avan\u00e7 d&#8217;aquesta malaltia. En l&#8217;actualitat existeixen f\u00e0rmacs convencionals que actuen sobre aquests enzims, per\u00f2 tenen una baixa selectivitat i efectes t\u00f2xics. Per aquesta ra\u00f3, aquesta recerca es va centrar en dissenyar mol\u00e8cules basades en aquests f\u00e0rmacs convencionals, per\u00f2 que poguessin regular-se de manera reversible mitjan\u00e7ant llum, tot permetent controlar la seva activitat mitjan\u00e7ant canvis en les condicions d&#8217;il\u00b7luminaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Els primers resultats van mostrar que quan aquestes mol\u00e8cules eren activades per llum inhibien les HDAC en contraposici\u00f3 a quan estaven inactives en foscor. La limitaci\u00f3 d&#8217;aquestes primeres mol\u00e8cules \u00e9s que per activar-se necessitaven llum ultraviolada, la qual pot ser nociva per a les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules i t\u00e9 baixa penetraci\u00f3 en teixits biol\u00f2gics. Per tant, es van optimitzar les mol\u00e8cules perqu\u00e8 s&#8217;activessin amb llum verda (llum visible), obtenint tamb\u00e9 millors resultats sota il\u00b7luminaci\u00f3 que a les fosques.<\/p>\n<p>Finalment, es va comprovar l&#8217;activitat d&#8217;aquestes mol\u00e8cules en quatre l\u00ednies cel\u00b7lulars de c\u00e0ncer: c\u00e8rvix, mama, leuc\u00e8mia i c\u00f2lon. Els resultats van mostrar un augment de la mort de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules canceroses despr\u00e9s de la il\u00b7luminaci\u00f3 amb llum verda, per\u00f2 no van tenir cap efecte quan es mantenien en foscor. \u201cUn dels punts forts de l&#8217;estudi \u00e9s que aquestes mol\u00e8cules s&#8217;han aconseguit activar amb llum visible (de color verd), mentre que gaireb\u00e9 totes les mol\u00e8cules que estan descrites contra el c\u00e0ncer s&#8217;activen amb llum ultraviolada, que \u00e9s menys efica\u00e7 i limita l&#8217;aproximaci\u00f3 a assajos <em>in vivo<\/em> i en pacients\u201d, explica <strong>Amadeu Llebaria<\/strong>, responsable del grup de Qu\u00edmica M\u00e8dica i S\u00edntesi de l\u2019IQAC.<\/p>\n<h4>Objectiu: ter\u00e0pies m\u00e9s espec\u00edfiques i controlades<\/h4>\n<p>Com a resultat de l&#8217;estudi, els investigadors han desenvolupat una petita biblioteca de f\u00e0rmacs, mol\u00e8cules fotosensibles, que permeten controlar la viabilitat cel\u00b7lular nom\u00e9s en il\u00b7luminar-los amb llum visible, m\u00e9s permeable i menys nociva per a les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules. Es creu que aquests resultats permetran aplanar el cam\u00ed per poder estudiar, en un futur, \u00a0l&#8217;efecte d&#8217;aquestes mol\u00e8cules <em>in vivo<\/em>, en peixos zebra o en ratolins, il\u00b7luminant selectivament la zona del tumor per activar el f\u00e0rmac, mentre es mant\u00e9 en la resta del cos en la seva forma inactiva, evitant aix\u00ed efectes secundaris no desitjats en teixits sans.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u00a0\u201cCreiem que l&#8217;estudi d&#8217;aquestes mol\u00e8cules fotosensibles \u00e9s important per arribar a establir una prova de concepte <em>in vivo<\/em> sobre l&#8217;\u00fas de la fotofarmacologia per tractar el c\u00e0ncer de forma m\u00e9s efica\u00e7 i m\u00e9s segura\u201d, conclou <strong>Josa Culler\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 75%;\">L.J.-C. has received funding from the European Union\u2019s Horizon2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement 841089<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 75%;\">Laia Josa and Amadeu Llebaria. <strong>Visible-Light-Controlled Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors for Targeted Cancer Therapy<\/strong>. <em>Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.<\/em> DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/full\/10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.2c01713\">10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.2c01713<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>IQAC-CSIC Comunicaci\u00f3<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Investigadors de l&#8217;Institut de Qu\u00edmica Avan\u00e7ada de Catalunya (IQAC) del Consell Superior d\u2019Investigacions Cient\u00edfiques (CSIC) han desenvolupat una s\u00e8rie de f\u00e0rmacs, mol\u00e8cules fotosensibles, que es poden activar amb llum externa de manera reversible, aconseguint aix\u00ed un efecte molt m\u00e9s localitzat i controlat. Aquesta recerca, publicada en la revista Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, apunta al fet<a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iqac.csic.es\/ca\/farmacs-activables-amb-llum-per-a-futures-terapies-de-precisio-contra-malalties-com-el-cancer\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u00abF\u00e0rmacs activables amb llum per a futures ter\u00e0pies de precisi\u00f3 contra malalties com el c\u00e0ncer\u00bb<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4364,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[73],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8197","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","entry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>F\u00e0rmacs activables amb llum per a futures ter\u00e0pies de precisi\u00f3 contra malalties com el c\u00e0ncer | IQAC - Institut de Qu\u00edmica Avan\u00e7ada de Catalunya - CSIC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iqac.csic.es\/farmacos-activables-con-luz-para-futuras-terapias-de-precision-contra-enfermedades-como-el-cancer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"F\u00e0rmacs activables amb llum per a futures ter\u00e0pies de precisi\u00f3 contra malalties com el c\u00e0ncer | IQAC - Institut de Qu\u00edmica Avan\u00e7ada de Catalunya - CSIC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Investigadors de l&#8217;Institut de Qu\u00edmica Avan\u00e7ada de Catalunya (IQAC) del Consell Superior d\u2019Investigacions Cient\u00edfiques (CSIC) han desenvolupat una s\u00e8rie de f\u00e0rmacs, mol\u00e8cules fotosensibles, que es poden activar amb llum externa de manera reversible, aconseguint aix\u00ed un efecte molt m\u00e9s localitzat i controlat. 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